Objective: With digital transformation and the transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, the role of emerging technologies in achieving goals such as human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience has become increasingly important. This review article examines the convergence of three key technologies Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain (BC), and the Internet of Things (IoT) as a driving force behind Industry 5.0.
Method: This study adopts a systematic literature review approach and content analysis of over 200 scholarly and industrial articles and reports. Data were collected from reputable databases and sources and analyzed based on thematic, technological, and application-oriented classification frameworks.
Findings: The results indicate that the convergence of these three technologies creates a trustworthy ecosystem in which IoT functions as the sensory layer, AI acts as the brain, and BC serves as the backbone of trust and security. This convergence demonstrates a high potential for enabling scalable, automated, and resilient innovations.
Conclusion: Industry 5.0 cannot reach its full potential without the convergence of AI, BC, and IoT. The proposed conceptual model outlines the path toward achieving the objectives of Industry 5.0 through the synergistic interaction of these technologies.