Numerical investigation of the effect of air distribution methods on the cooling capacity in data centers

Document Type : Mechanics article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University, Pardis Branch, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract

Data centers are the places where servers and IT equipment are installed. In the network and IT, it is hardware that stores the hardware modules such as servers, switches, switches and communication equipment, and UPS and other network equipment. Due to the usual heat release of the orcs, the management of air distribution systems and cooling systems in the data centers are of particular importance to prevent the destruction from excessive heat. the purpose of management of air distribution systems is to solve problems in cooling of data centers, including the minimization of hot air, due to cold weather and removing hot spots, and can also reduce the high cost of cooling systems by removing air circulation problems. in this study, after simulation and analysis of different modes of cooling system design of cooling system, cooling and cooling corridors can be increased from the allowed range and better energy loss and better efficiency and then the return and partitioning of false floors were introduced as supplementary methods. in total, the comparisons were calculated according to an increase of 20 % of the heat from the orcs in the simulated model of

Keywords


[1] Kıvanc ILAL, “Advantages of in Row Cooling Systems against Perimeter (CRAC&CRAH) Cooling Systems”, APC White Paper, No. 130, 2006.
[2] K. Dunlap, and N. Rasmussen,” Choosing between Room, Row, andRack-Based Cooling for Data Centers”, Schneider Electric White Paper, No.130, 2019
[3] P. Lin, and V. Avelar, “How Row-Based Data Center Cooling Works”, Schneider Electric White Paper, No. 208, 2019.
[4] Server Racks Australia (SRA), “Server Rack Heat Dissipation in Next Generation In-Row Architectures”, Vol. 1.2, No. 4, 2018, pp. 7-12
[5] X. Gong, Z. Zhang, S. Gan, B. Niu, Y. Liu, H. Xu, and M. Gao, “A review on evaluation metrics of thermal performance in data centers”, Building and Environment, Vol. 177 , 2020
[6] C. Jin, X. Bai, Ya’. An, J. Ni, and J. Shen, “Case Study Regarding the Thermal Environment and Energy Efficiency of Raised-Floor and Row-Based Cooling", building and environment, Vol. 182, No. 107110 , 2020,
[7] W.-X. Chu, and C.-C. Wang, “ A review on airflow management in data centers”, applied energy, Vol 240, 2019, pp. 84–119.
[8] B. Watson, and V. Kumar Venkiteswaran, “Universal Cooling of Data Centres: A CFD Analysis”, 9th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE.2017, August 2017, pp. 21–24.
[9] S. A. Nada, and M. A. Said, “Comprehensive study on the effects of plenum depths on air flow and thermal managements in data centers”, international journal of thermal energy, Vol. 122, 2017, pp. 302–312.
[10] S. A. Nada, and M. A. Said, “Effect of CRAC units layout on thermal management of data center”, applied thermal engineering, Vol. 118, 2017, pp. 339–344.
[11] S. A. Nada, M. A. Said, and M. A. Rady, “ CFD investigations of data centers’ thermal performance for different configurations of CRACs units and aisles separation”, alexandria engineering journal, Vol. 55, 2016, pp. 959–971.
[12] S. A. Nada, M. A. Said, and M. A. Rady, “Numerical investigation and parametric study for thermal and energy management enhancements in data centers buildings”, Applied thermal engineering, Vol. 98, 2016, pp. 110–128.
[13] H. Fernando, J. Siriwardana, and S. Halgamuge, “Can a data center heat-flow model be scaled down”, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Information and Automation for Sustainability ICIAfS, 2012, pp. 273–278.
[14] Huang, K. Dong, Q. Sun, L. Su, and T. Liu, “ Numerical simulation and comparative analysis of different airflow distributions in data centers”, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 205, 2017, pp. 2378–2385
[15] N. M. S. Hassan, M. M. K. Khan, and M. G. Rasul, “Temperature monitoring and CFD analysis of data center”, Procedia Engineering, Vol.56, 2013, pp. 551–559
[16] D. Macedo, R. Godina, P. Dinis Gaspar, P. D. da Silva, and M. Trigueiros Covas, “ A parametric numerical study of the airflow and thermal performance in a real data center for improving sustainability”, Applied sciences, Vol. 9 , 2019, pp. 3850.
[17] S. A. Nada, H. M. El-Batsh, H. F. Elattar, and N. M. Ali, “CFD investigation of airflow pattern, temperature distribution and thermal comfort of UFAD system for theater buildings applications”, Journal of building engineering, Vol. 6, 2016, pp. 274–300.
[18] S. A. Nada, K. E. Elfeky, A. M. A. Attia, and W. G. Alshaer,” Experimental parametric study of servers cooling management in data centers buildings”, Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, No. 6, 2017, pp.2083–2097.
[19] S. A. Nada, and K. E. Elfeky, “Experimental investigations of thermal managements solutions in data centers buildings for different arrangements of cold aisles containments”, Journal of building engineering, Vol. 5, 2016, pp. 41.
[20] X. Meng, J. Zhou, X. Zhang, Z. Luo, H. Gong, and T. Gan,” Optimization of the thermal environment of a small-scale data center in China”, Energy, Vol. 196, 2020
[21] S. A. Nada, A. M. A. Attia, and K. E. Elfeky, “Experimental study of solving thermal heterogeneity problem of data center servers”, Applied thermal engineering, Vol. 109, 2016, pp. 466–474.
[22] S. A. Nada, K. E. Elfeky, A. M. A. Attia, and W.G. Alshaer, “Thermal management of electronic servers under different power conditions”, International Journal on Emerging Technologies, Vol .11 , No. 4, 2015, pp. 145–150.
[23] S. Bhopte, B. Sammakia, R. Schmidt, M.K. Iyengar, and D. Agonafer,” Effect of under floor blockages on data center performance”, Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronics Systems, 2006, pp. 426–433.
[24] J. Cho, J. Yang, and W. Park, “Evaluation of air distribution system’s airflow performance for cooling energy savings in high-density data centers”, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 68 , 2014, pp. 270–279.
[25] J. Cho, and J. Woo,” Development and experimental study of an independent row-based cooling system for improving thermal performance of a data center”, Applied thermal engineering, Vol. 169, 2019, No. 114857
[26] Y. Zhang, K. Zhang, J. Liu, R. Kosonen, and X. Yuan, “Airflow uniformity optimization for modular data center based on the constructal T-shaped underfloor air ducts”, Applied thermal engineering, Vol. 155, 2019, pp. 489–500.
[27] C. Jin, X. Bai, Ya’. An, J. Ni, and J. Shen, “Case Study Regarding the Thermal Environment and Energy Efficiency of Raised-Floor and Row-Based Cooling”, Building and Environment, Vol. 182, 2020.
[28] H. Moazamigoodarzi, P. J. Tsai, S. Pal, S. Ghosh, and I. K. Puri, “Influence of cooling architecture on data center power consumption”, Energy, Vol.183, 2019, pp. 525–535.
[29] H. Moazami goodarzi, R. Gupta, S. Pal, P. J. Tsai, S. Ghosh, and I. K. Puri,” Modeling temperature distribution and power consumption in IT server enclosures with row-based cooling architectures”, Applied Energy, Vol. 261 , No. 114355, 2020.
[30] X. Yuan, X. Xu, Yu Wang, J. Liu, R. Kosonen, H. Cai, “Design and validation of an airflow management system in data center with tilted server placement”, Applied thermal engineering, Vol. 164, No. 114444, 2020.
[31] X. Yuan, X. Zhou, J. Liu, Y. Wang, R. Kosonen, X. Xu, “Experimental and numerical investigation of an airflow management system in data center with lower-side terminal baffles for servers”, Buildings Environment Times, Vol. 155, 2019, pp. 308–319.
]33[ سجاد اسلامی و مهدی حسنی، "اثر مدل توربوالنس بر شبیه­سازی عددی جریان آشفته نانوسیال در یک لوله افقی"، مجله مدل‌سازی مهندسی، سال هفدهم، شماره 58، پائیز 1398، صفحه 279-293.
]34[ حسین خراسانی زاده ، علیرضا آقایی و حمیدرضا احترام،  "اثر مدل توربوالنس بر شبیه­سازی عددی جریان آشفته نانوسیال در یک لوله افقی"، مجله مدل‌سازی مهندسی، سال چهاردهم، شماره 47، زمستان 1395، صفحه 201
]35[ علیرضا میر اولیایی و شمس الدین قوره جیلی ،" بررسی پارامترهای مؤثر بر هیدرودینامیک بستر پرشده دوّار به کمک دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی"، مجله مدل‌سازی مهندسی ، سال هفدهم، شماره 59 ، زمستان 1398، صفحه 35-45.
[36] C. Jin, X. Bai, and C. Yang, “Effects of airflow on the thermal environment and energy efficiency in raised-floor data centers: a review”, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 695, 2019, No.133801.
[37] R. K. Sharma, C. E. Bash, and C. D. Patel, “Dimensionless parameters for evaluation of thermal design and performance of large scale data centers", Aiaa/asme jonit thermophysics and heat transer conference, Vol. 8, 2002.
[38] M.K. Herrlin, “Rack cooling effectiveness in data centers and telecom central offices: the rack cooling index (RCI)”, ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 111, 2005, pp. 725–731.
[39] M. K. Herrlin, “Airflow and cooling performance of data centers: two performance metrics, in: ASHRAE Transactions”, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc. Atlanta GA, ,Vol. 114, 2008
[40] R. R. Schmidt, E. E. Cruz, and M. K. Iyengar,” Challenges of data center thermal management”, Ibm Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 49, 2005, pp. 709–723
[41] Q. Xu, “Energy Consumption and Air Distribution Simulation of a Substation Data Room”, Master’s Thesis, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 2015
[42] H. Tian, Z. Li, X. Liu, and X. Qian,” Study on thermal environment evaluation in data centers”, Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 33, 2012, pp. 5–9.
[43] J. W. VanGilder, S. K. Shrivastava, “Capture index: an airflow-based rack cooling performance metric, ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 113, 2007, pp. 126-136
]44[ اشکان جهانگیرامینی، نادر پورمحمود و  ایرج میرزایی، "مدل‌سازی سه‌بعدی دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی سیستم سرمایشی پایین زن در یک مرکز داده نمونه"، مجله علمی پژوهشی مهندسی مکانیک دانشگاه تبریز، دوره 50، شماره 4 – شماره ژیاژی 93، زمستان 1399، صفحه 61-68.
[45] Energy Logic, "Reducing datacenter energy consumption by creating saving that cascade across
systems", 2007
[46] Q. Pan, J. Peng, and R. Wang, “Application analysis of adsorption refrigeration system for solar and data center waste heat utilization”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 228, 2021, pp. 113564