Load-Frequency Control of a Hybrid Islanded Microgrid with a Fractional Order Fuzzy PID Controller Optimized by Cheetah Algorithm

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technologies, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technologies, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technologies, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Hybrid microgrid is a new concept that has been introduced in recent decades based on the needs of power systems. One of the most important challenges of the islanded microgrid is frequency regulation. In this paper, a fractional order fuzzy PID controller is introduced to stabilize the frequency. The presence of a fractional order in the controller system improves the stability and response speed of the controller in different conditions. Determining the controller coefficients is an important challenge that can be done using different methods. This paper uses Cheetah optimization algorithm because of its important features such as: preventing premature convergence and not getting stuck in the local optimum, which differentiates it from other algorithms. It should be noted that the structure of the proposed controller is a centralized control type, in which the control signal is sent to the units of energy storage sources and diesel generator. For more accurate modeling of energy storage resources, limiting blocks are included in the output of these resources. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controller, its results have been compared with other controllers, namely: classic PID, fractional order PID and fuzzy PID controllers optimized with other optimization algorithms such as PSO, SCA and GA, using several criteria including: IAE, ISE, ITAE and ITSE. The results show that the proposed controller has the lowest error in terms of error measurement criteria and the highest speed of convergence, with optimal and acceptable performance relative to other controllers are mentioned.
.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Chandel, J. Ulamai, and A.J. Irani. "Frequency load control based on the improved phase controller in a microgrid with the presence of thermoelectric." Scientific-Research Journal of Energy Engineering and Management 12. no. 2 (2022): 26-37. (in Persian)
  2. Amiriو and A. Hatami. "Microgrid Load-Frequency Control Based on Nonlinear Model Using Fractional-Order PID Method Optimized with HCRPSO-PS Hybrid Algorithm." Journal of Iranian Electrical and Electronic Engineering Association 17. no. 2 (2019): 135-148. (in Persian)
  3. N.H. Shazon, and A. Jawad. "Frequency control challenges and potential countermeasures in future low-inertia power systems: A review." Energy Reports 8 (2022): 6191-6219.
  4. S. Rajesh, S.S. Dash, and R. Rajagopal. "Load frequency control of microgrid: A technical review." Green Buildings and Sustainable Engineering: Proceedings of GBSE (2020): 115-138.
  5. J. Veronica, N.S. Kumar, and F. Gonzalez-Longatt. "Design of load frequency control for a microgrid using D-partition method." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 21. no. 1(2020): 20190175.
  6. Jampeethong, and S. Khomfoi. "Coordinated control of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources for frequency regulation in microgrids." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 141967-141976.
  7. H. Soliman, H.E. Talaat, and M.A. Attia. "Power system frequency control enhancement by optimization of wind energy control system." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 12. no. 4(2021):3711-3723.
  8. Al-Hinai, H. Alyammahi, and H.H. Alhelou. "Coordinated intelligent frequency control incorporating battery energy storage system, minimum variable contribution of demand response, and variable load damping coefficient in isolated power systems." Energy Reports 7 (2021): 8030-8041.
  9. Khokhar, S. Dahiya, and K.S. Parmar. "Load frequency control of a microgrid employing a 2D Sine Logistic map based chaotic sine cosine algorithm." Applied Soft Computing 109 (2021): 107564.
  10. A. Mohamed, E. Gouda, and Y. Mitani. "Impact of SMES integration on the digital frequency relay operation considering High PV/Wind penetration in micro-grid." Energy Procedia 157 (2019): 1292-1304.
  11. Magdy, G. Shabib, A.A. Elbaset, T. Kerdphol, Y. Qudaih, H. Bevrani, and Y. Mitani. "Tustin's technique based digital decentralized load frequency control in a realistic multi power system considering wind farms and communications delays." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 10. no. 2 (2019): 327-341.
  12. E. Khalil, T.A. Boghdady, M.H. Alham, and D.K. Ibrahim. "Enhancing the Conventional Controllers for Load Frequency Control of Isolated Microgrids Using Proposed Multi-Objective Formulation Via Artificial Rabbits Optimization Algorithm." IEEE Access 11 (2023): 3472-3493.
  13. Çelik, M.T. Özdemir, and K.Y. Lee. "Effects of fractional-order PI controller on delay margin in single-area delayed load frequency control systems." Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 7. no. 2 (2019): 380-389.
  14. Amiri, and M.H. Moradi. "A new control strategy for controlling isolated microgrid." Engineering and Energy Management 10. no. 4 (2023): 60-73.
  15. K. Pathak, A.K. Yadav, S.Padmanaban, and I. Kamwa. "Fractional Cascade LFC for Distributed Energy Sources via Advanced Optimization Technique Under High Renewable Shares." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 92828-92842.
  16. R. Chen, G.Q. Zeng, Y.X. Dai, K.D. Lu, and D.Q. Bi. "Fractional-order model predictive frequency control of an islanded microgrid." Energies 12. no. 1 (2018): 84.
  17. Ali, G. Magdy, B. Li, G. Shabib, A.A. Elbaset, D. Xu, and Y. Mitani. "A new frequency control strategy in an islanded microgrid using virtual inertia control-based coefficient diagram method." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 16979-16990.
  18. Fathi, Q. Shafiee, and H. Bevrani. "Robust frequency control of microgrids using an extended virtual synchronous generator." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33. no. 6 (2018): 6289-6297.
  19. Kumar, H.D. Mathur, S. Bhanot, and R.C. Bansal. "Modeling and frequency control of community micro-grids under stochastic solar and wind sources." Engineering Science and Technology. an International Journal 23. no. 5 (2020): 1084-1099.
  20. Zou, J. Qian, Y. Zeng, S. Ismail, F. Dao, Z. Feng, C. Nie, and H. Mei. "Optimized Robust Controller Design Based on CPSOGSA Optimization Algorithm and H 2/H∞ Weights Distribution Method for Load Frequency Control of Micro-Grid." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 162093-162107.
  21. Shojaee, and S.M. Azizi. "Decentralized Robust Controller Design for Strongly Interconnected Generators." IEEE Access 11 (2023): 16085-16095.
  22. Rafiee, Y. Batmani, F. Ahmadi, and H. Bevrani. "Robust load-frequency control in islanded microgrids: Virtual synchronous generator concept and quantitative feedback theory." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 36. no. 6 (2021): 5408-5416.
  23. S.K. Akula, and H. Salehfar. “Frequency control in microgrid communities using neural networks.”  In 2019 North American Power Symposium (2019): 1-6.
  24. Kumar, H.D. Mathur, S. Bhanot, and R.C. Bansal. "Forecasting of solar and wind power using LSTM RNN for load frequency control in isolated microgrid." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 41. no. 4 (2021): 311-323.
  25. Safari, F. Babaei, and M. Farrokhifar. "A load frequency control using a PSO-based ANN for micro-grids in the presence of electric vehicles." International Journal of Ambient Energy 42. no. 6 (2021): 688-700.
  26. Kerdphol, M. Watanabe, K. Hongesombut, and Y. Mitani. "Self-adaptive virtual inertia control-based fuzzy logic to improve frequency stability of microgrid with high renewable penetration." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 76071-76083.
  27. E.Y. Kouba, M. Menaa, M. Hasni, and M. Boudour. "A new robust fuzzy-PID controller design using gravitational search algorithm." International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology 11. no. 3 (2019): 331-360.
  28. Nayak, S.K. Kar, S.S. Dash, P. Vishnuram, S.B. Thanikanti, and B. Nastasi. "Enhanced Salp Swarm Algorithm for Multimodal Optimization and Fuzzy Based Grid Frequency Controller Design." Energies 15. no. 9 (2022): 3210.
  29. Mohanty, and S. Panda. "A modified moth flame optimization technique tuned adaptive fuzzy logic PID controller for frequency regulation of an autonomous power system." International Journal of Sustainable Energy 40. no. 1 (2021): 41-68.
  30. Khokhar, S. Dahiya, and K.S. Parmar. "A novel hybrid fuzzy PD-TID controller for load frequency control of a standalone microgrid." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 46 (2021): 1053-1065.
  31. Mahto, H. Malik, V. Mukherjee, M.A. Alotaibi, and A. Almutairi. "Renewable generation-based hybrid power system control using fractional order-fuzzy controller." Energy Reports 7 (2021): 641-653.
  32. Mohanty, and S. Panda. "Modified salp swarm algorithm-optimized fractional-order adaptive fuzzy PID controller for frequency regulation of hybrid power system with electric vehicle." Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems 32. no. 2 (2021): 416-438.
  33. Sahoo, R.K. Sahu, N.R. Samal, and S. Panda. "Analysis of type-2 fuzzy fractional-order PD-PI controller for frequency stabilisation of the micro-grid system with real-time simulation." International Journal of Sustainable Energy 41. no. 5 (2022): 412-433.
  34. Jekan, and C. Subramani. "The performance analysis of type-2 fuzzy fractional-order tilt integral derivative controller with enhanced Harris hawks optimization." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 43. no. 12 (2021): 2818-2834.
  35. K. Govindaraju, and R. Sivalingam. "Design, analysis, and real‐time validation of type‐2 fractional order fuzzy PID controller for energy storage–based microgrid frequency regulation." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 31. no. 3 (2021): 12766.
  36. C. Sahu, R.C. Prusty, and S. Panda. "Improved-GWO designed FO based type-II fuzzy controller for frequency awareness of an AC microgrid under plug in electric vehicle." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 12 (2021): 1879-1896.
  37. A. Akbari, M. Zare, R. Azizipanah-Abarghooee, S. Mirjalili, and M. Deriche. "The cheetah optimizer: A nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for large-scale optimization problems." Scientific Reports 12. no. 1(2022): 10953.
  38. Akbari-Majd, H. Shayqi, H. Mohammadnejad, and A. Younisi. "Frequency Load Adaptive Resistive Controller Based on Reinforcement Learning for an Interconnected Power System Including SMES." Electrical Engineering Journal of Tabriz University 47. no. 2 (2016): 381-390. (in Persian)
  39. S. "Evolutionary Algorithms and Neural Networks: Theory and Applications.” Springer (2018).
  40. S. Mirjalili. "SCA: a sine cosine algorithm for solving optimization problems." Knowledge-Based Systems 96 (2016): 120-133.
Journal of Modeling in Engineering
Volume 22, Issue 78
October 2024
Pages 217-232

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 June 2023
  • Revise Date: 09 December 2023
  • Accept Date: 14 February 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics