Modeling of the Cest Effect for Determining Chemical Exchange Rate and Concentration of Amine and Amide in the Human Through Magnetic Resonance Simultaneously

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Biomedical Engineering Department, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

The saturation transfer  leads to exchange between hydrogens of water and hydrogens of molecules tissue  by applying radio frequency (RF) saturation pulse to the sequence of the magnetic resonance imaging. The CEST effect, which occurs between water protons and exogeneous or endogeneous contrast agents, is considered one of the important subsections of the set of chemical exchange saturation transfer processes. The CEST effect mainly depends on relaxation times, chemical exchange rate, contrast agent concentration and characteristics of the RF saturation pulse. Based on these factors, can be obtained important information from chemical interactions, enzymes, metabolites, metal ions, pH, glucose consumption and other clinical conditions. In this article, chemical exchange rate and contrast agent concentration are determined quantitatively through the Omega-plot by computing the CEST effect.In addition, the chemical exchange rate and concentration are determined through the optimal amplitude RF rectangular at the maximum of the proposed CEST effect as goal function.The evaluation of two proposed approaches has been done using two sets of parametric data, amide-water and amine-water, and two other definitions of the CEST as a comparison with the reference definition.The Omega-plots are calculated for each parametric data based on different definitions of CEST effect, the good agreement is for water-amine through minimum relative sum square error, about 0.5% and 4.8% compared to the reference definition. On the other hand based on optimizing reference definition of the CEST, the best agreement is for water-amid, through estimating the chemical exchange rate and contrast agent concentration about 91% and 100% respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Modeling in Engineering
Volume 23, Special Issue 81
Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Semnan University- In Progress
July 2025
Pages 221-233

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History

  • Receive Date: 03 May 2024
  • Revise Date: 29 October 2024
  • Accept Date: 02 November 2024

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