Screw conveyors are among the most important material handling equipment in various industries, particularly in mining and pelletizing plants. Despite their relatively simple structure, the material flow behavior within these systems is highly complex and depends on multiple factors, including geometric parameters, operating conditions, and the physical–mechanical properties of the conveyed material. In this study, numerical simulation of bentonite flow—widely used as a binder in the pelletizing process—was conducted for screw conveyors installed in Pelletizing Plant No. 1 of Golgohar Mining and Industrial Company using the Discrete Element Method and EDEM software. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effects of three key parameters, namely the screw rotational speed, screw pitch, and the friction coefficient between bentonite particles and the internal surface of the screw conveyor, on the material discharge rate. Simulations were performed for three rotational speeds of 10, 20, and 30 rpm and three screw pitches of 100, 145, and 200 mm. In each simulation case, only one parameter was varied while all other conditions were kept constant. The results indicate that the screw rotational speed has the most significant effect on the material discharge rate, while the screw pitch and friction coefficient also play critical roles in optimizing the conveying capacity. The findings demonstrate that DEM simulation is an efficient and reliable tool for analyzing and optimizing the performance of screw conveyors in pelletizing industries.